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—— Aslam Baig (Pakistan)
—— Santhosh Thomas
—— Tanveer Ahmed
1. The chemical effect
1) The composition of molten steel erosion of refractories.
2) Erosion of slag composition on refractories.
3) At high temperatures, the damage caused by refractory material itself produces reaction, generate new minerals produced by the phase change volume effect brought by and under the action of vacuum volatilization and other reasons.
2.Physical effect
1) The scouring effect of refractory steel.
2) Heat shock steel repeated the role in refractory material cause, cause of refractory cracking and spalling.
3) Refractory its thermal expansion damage effect in favor of.
4) Fusion inhibition of molten steel for refractory material.
3. The artificial reason
1) And refractory material selection improper collocation.
2) Improper use of the refractories. Such as masonry, improper baking.
3) Ladle turnaround period is too long to cause cold pack.
4) Unpacking properly, damage the ladle backing layer.
5)Not take remedial measures.